Four additional Chihuahuas and a comparison group of three Labrador retrievers allowed us to establish baseline data on in vivo three-dimensional (3D) craniocervical motions. Our research group was able to record preliminary data on the upper cervical spine to begin with four clinically sound Chihuahuas at a walk and a trot ( 8). Scientific insight about movement patterns may have implications for the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of “craniocervical junction abnormalities,” which encompass several conditions ( 5– 7). For this purpose, two different breeds, a toy breed dog and a large breed dog with no predisposition to craniocervical abnormalities, were selected. Aberrations of the cervical spine, including those of vertebral body morphology, may have an influence on locomotion, movement patterns, and ranges of motion. Scientific insight is largely limited to data derived from cadaver studies on spinal column specimens or studies performed under standard clinical conditions with sedated animals ( 2– 4). Little is known about the actual motion pattern and ranges of the craniocervical junction during natural locomotion in dogs. Individual differences for example, varying in amplitude or time of occurrence are reported.Įach vertebrate species has a distinct morphology and movement pattern, which reflect the adaption of the animal to its habitat ( 1). The average absolute sagittal rotation of the atlas was slightly higher in Chihuahuas (between 9.1 ± 6.8° and 18.7 ± 9.9°) as compared with that of Labrador retrievers (between 5.7 ± 4.6° and 14.5 ± 2.6°), which corresponds to the more acute angle of the atlas in Chihuahuas. ROM maxima of 30°, 16°, and 18° in the sagittal, lateral, and axial planes, respectively, were found at the atlantooccipital joint. The range of motion (ROM) maxima were 20°, 26°, and 24° in the sagittal, lateral, and axial planes, respectively, of the atlantoaxial joint. The amplitudes of axial and lateral rotation of the total upper cervical motion and the atlantoaxial joint were higher in Labrador retrievers than in Chihuahuas. Lateral and axial rotation occurred as a coupled motion pattern. Sagittal, lateral, and axial rotation could be observed in both the atlantoaxial and the atlantooccipital joints during head motion and locomotion. The same basic motion patterns were found in Chihuahuas and Labrador retrievers during walking. Scientific rotoscoping was used to reconstruct three-dimensional kinematics during locomotion. This study presents the first in vivo recorded motions of the craniocervical junction of clinically sound Chihuahuas ( n = 8) and clinically sound Labrador retrievers ( n = 3) using biplanar fluoroscopy. The aim of this prospective study is to perform a detailed analysis and description of three-dimensional craniocervical motion during locomotion in clinically sound Chihuahuas and Labrador retrievers. Yet, our knowledge of motion patterns of the craniocervical junction of dogs is very limited. 3Institute of Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, GermanyĪll vertebrate species have a distinct morphology and movement pattern, which reflect the adaption of the animal to its habitat. ![]() 2Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic-Neurosurgery, Neuroradiology and Clinical Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic-Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.Lisa Schikowski 1 * Nele Eley 1 Nicola Kelleners 1 Martin J.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |